Dangerous Google
– Searching for Secrets
Michał Piotrowski
This article has been published in issue 4/2005 of the hakin9 magazine.
All rights reserved. This file may be distributed for free pending no changes are made to its contents or form.
hakin9 magazine, Wydawnictwo Software, ul. Lewartowskiego 6, 00-190 Warszawa, en@hakin9.org
Dangerous Google
– Searching for Secrets
Michał Piotrowski
Information which should be
protected is very often publicly
available, revealed by careless
or ignorant users. The result is
that lots of confidential data is
freely available on the Internet
– just Google for it.
Google serves some 80 percent of all
search queries on the Internet, mak-
ing it by far the most popular search
engine. Its popularity is due not only to excel-
lent search effectiveness, but also extensive
querying capabilities. However, we should
also remember that the Internet is a highly
dynamic medium, so the results presented
by Google are not always up-to-date – some
search results might be stale, while other
relevant resources might not yet have been
visited by Googlebot (the automatic script
that browses and indexes Web resources for
Google).
Table 1 presents a summary of the most
important and most useful query operators
along with their descriptions, while Figure 1
shows document locations referred to by the
operators when applied to Web searches. Of
course, this is just a handful of examples – skil-
ful Google querying can lead to much more
interesting results.
Hunting for Prey
Google makes it possible to reach not just
publicly available Internet resources, but also
some that should never have been revealed.
What You Will Learn...
• how to use Google to find sources of personal
information and other confidential data,
• how to find information about vulnerable sys-
tems and Web services,
• how to locate publicly available network de-
vices using Google.
What You Should Know...
• how to use a Web browser,
• basic rules of operation of the HTTP protocol.
About the Author
Michał Piotrowski holds an MA in IT and has
many years' experience in network and system
administration. For over three years he has
been a security inspector and is currently work-
ing as computer network security expert at one
of the largest Polish financial institutions. His
free time is occupied by programming, cryp-
tography and contributing to the open source
community.
2 www.hakin9.org hakin9 4/2005
Google hacking
Table 1. Google query operators
Operator Description Sample query
site restricts results to sites within the
intitle restricts results to documents whose
allintitle restricts results to documents
inurl restricts results to sites whose URL
allinurl restricts results to sites whose URL
specified domain
title contains the specified phrase
whose title contains all the specified
phrases
contains the specified phrase
contains all the specified phrases
filetype, ext restricts results to documents of the
specified type
numrange restricts results to documents con-
taining a number from the specified
link restricts results to sites containing
range
links to the specified location
inanchor restricts results to sites containing
links with the specified phrase in
their descriptions
allintext restricts results to documents con-
taining the specified phrase in the
site:google.com fox will find all sites containing the
word fox, located within the *.google.com domain
intitle:fox fire will find all sites with the word fox in the
title and fire in the text
allintitle:fox fire will find all sites with the words fox
and fire in the title, so it's equivalent to intitle:fox
intitle:fire
inurl:fox fire will find all sites containing the word fire
in the text and fox in the URL
allinurl:fox fire will find all sites with the words fox
and fire in the URL, so it's equivalent to inurl:fox
inurl:fire
filetype:pdf fire will return PDFs containing the word
fire, while filetype:xls fox will return Excel spreadsheets
with the word fox
numrange:1-100 fire will return sites containing a number
from 1 to 100 and the word fire. The same result can be
achieved with 1..100 fire
link:www.google.com will return documents containing
one or more links to www.google.com
inanchor:fire will return documents with links whose
description contains the word fire (that's the actual link
text, not the URL indicated by the link)
allintext:"fire fox" will return documents which con-
tain the phrase fire fox in their text only
text, but not in the title, link descrip-
tions or URLs
frequently in results
+ specifies that a phrase should occur
- specifies that a phrase must not oc-
cur in results
"" delimiters for entire search phrases
. wildcard for a single character fire.fox will return documents containing the phrases
* wildcard for a single word fire * fox will return documents containing the phrases
| logical OR "fire fox" | firefox will return documents containing the
(not single words)
+fire will order results by the number of occurrences of
the word fire
-fire will return documents that don't contain the word
fire
"fire fox" will return documents containing the phrase
fire fox
fire fox, fireAfox, fire1fox, fire-fox etc.
fire the fox, fire in fox, fire or fox etc.
phrase fire fox or the word firefox
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Figure 1. The use of search query operators illustrated using the hakin9
4 www.hakin9.org hakin9 4/2005 Basics
Figure 2. Locating IIS 5.0 servers using the intitle operator
The right query can yield some quite
remarkable results. Let's start with
something simple.
Suppose that a vulnerability is
discovered in a popular application
– let's say it's the Microsoft IIS server
version 5.0 – and a hypothetical at-
tacker decides to find a few comput-
ers running this software in order to
attack them. He could of course use
a scanner of some description, but
he prefers Google, so he just enters
the query "Microsoft-IIS/5.0 Server
at" intitle:index.of and obtains
links to the servers he needs (or,
more specifically, links to autogen-
erated directory listings for those
servers). This works because in its
standard configuration, IIS (just like
many other server applications) adds
banners containing its name and ver-
sion to some dynamically generated
pages (Figure 2 shows this query in
action).
It's a typical example of infor-
mation which seems quite harm-
less, so is frequently ignored
and remains in the standard con-
figuration. Unfortunately, it is also
information which in certain circum-
stances can be most valuable to
a potential attacker. Table 2 shows
more sample Google queries for
typical Web servers.
Another way of locating specific
versions of Web servers is to search
for the standard pages displayed
after successful server installation.
Strange though it may seem, there
are plenty of Web servers out there,
the default configuration of which
hasn't been touched since installa-
tion. They are frequently forgotten,
ill-secured machines which are
easy prey for attackers. They can
be located using the queries shown
in Table 3.
This method is both very simple
and extremely useful, as it provides
access to a huge number of various
websites and operating systems
which run applications with known
vulnerabilities that lazy or ignorant
administrators have not patched. We
will see how this works for two fairly
popular programs: WebJeff Fileman-
ager and Advanced Guestbook.
The first is a web-based file
manager for uploading, browsing,
managing and modifying files on
a server. Unfortunately, WebJeff
Filemanager version 1.6 contains
a bug which makes it possible
to download any file on the server,
as long as it's accessible to the user
running the HTTP daemon. In other
words, specifying a page such as
/index.php3?action=telecharger&f
ichier=/etc/passwd in a vulnerable
system will let any intruder download
the /etc/passwd file (see Figure 3).
The aggressor will of course locate
vulnerable installations by querying
Google for "WebJeff-Filemanager
1.6" Login.
Our other target – Advanced
Guestbook – is a PHP application
Google hacking
Table 2. Google queries for locating various Web servers
Query Server
"Apache/1.3.28 Server at" intitle:index.of Apache 1.3.28
"Apache/2.0 Server at" intitle:index.of Apache 2.0
"Apache/* Server at" intitle:index.of any version of Apache
"Microsoft-IIS/4.0 Server at" intitle:index.of Microsoft Internet Information Services 4.0
"Microsoft-IIS/5.0 Server at" intitle:index.of Microsoft Internet Information Services 5.0
"Microsoft-IIS/6.0 Server at" intitle:index.of Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0
"Microsoft-IIS/* Server at" intitle:index.of any version of Microsoft Internet Information Services
"Oracle HTTP Server/* Server at" intitle:index.of any version of Oracle HTTP Server
"IBM _ HTTP _ Server/* * Server at" intitle:index.of any version of IBM HTTP Server
"Netscape/* Server at" intitle:index.of any version of Netscape Server
"Red Hat Secure/*" intitle:index.of any version of the Red Hat Secure server
"HP Apache-based Web Server/*" intitle:index.of any version of the HP server
Table 3. Queries for discovering standard post-installation Web server pages
Query Server
intitle:"Test Page for Apache Installation" "You are free" Apache 1.2.6
intitle:"Test Page for Apache Installation" "It worked!"
"this Web site!"
intitle:"Test Page for Apache Installation" "Seeing this
intitle:"Test Page for the SSL/TLS-aware Apache
Installation" "Hey, it worked!"
intitle:"Test Page for the Apache Web Server on Red Hat
intitle:"Test Page for the Apache Http Server on Fedora
intitle:"Welcome to Your New Home Page!" Debian Apache on Debian
intitle:"Welcome to IIS 4.0!" IIS 4.0
intitle:"Welcome to Windows 2000 Internet Services" IIS 5.0
intitle:"Welcome to Windows XP Server Internet Services" IIS 6.0
with SQL database support, used
for adding guestbooks to web-
sites. In April 2004, information
was published about a vulnerabil-
ity in the application's 2.2 version,
making it possible to access the
administration panel using an SQL
injection attack (see SQL Injection
Attacks with PHP/MySQL in hakin9
3/2005). It's enough to navigate
to the panel login screen (see
Figure 4) and log in leaving the
username blank and entering ') OR
Apache 1.3.0 – 1.3.9
Apache 1.3.11 – 1.3.33, 2.0
Apache SSL/TLS
Apache on Red Hat
Apache on Fedora
('a' = 'a as password or the other
used by their systems and imme-
diately patch any vulnerabilities.
way around – leaving password
blank and entering ? or 1=1 -- for
username. The potential aggres-
sor can locate vulnerable websites
by querying Google for intitle:
Guestbook "Advanced Guestbook 2.2
Powered" or "Advanced Guestbook
2.2" Username inurl:admin.
To prevent such security leaks,
administrators should track current
information on all the applications
Another thing to bear in mind is that
it's well worth removing application
banners, names and versions from
any pages or files that might contain
them.
Information about
Networks and Systems
Practically all attacks on IT sys-
tems require preparatory target
reconnaissance, usually involving
scanning computers in an attempt
hakin9 4/2005 www.hakin9.org 5
Figure 3. A vulnerable version of WebJeff Filemanager
Figure 4. Advanced Guestbook login page
6 www.hakin9.org hakin9 4/2005 Basics
Figure 5. Statistics generated by phpSystem
to recognise running services, op-
erating systems and specific service
software. Network scanners such as
Nmap or amap are typically used for
this purpose, but another possibility
also exists. Many system administra-
tors install Web-based applications
which generate system load statis-
tics, show disk space usage or even
display system logs.
All this can be valuable informa-
tion to an intruder. Simply querying
Google for statistics generated and
signed by the phpSystem applica-
tion using the query "Generated by
phpSystem" will result in a whole list
of pages similar to the one shown
in Figure 5. The intruder can also
query for pages generated by the
Sysinfo script using intitle:"Sysinfo
* " intext:"Generated by Sysinfo *
written by The Gamblers." – these
pages contain much more system
information (Figure 6).
This method offers numerous
possibilities – Table 4 shows sam-
ple queries for finding statistics and
other information generated by sev-
eral popular applications. Obtaining
such information may encourage the
intruder to attack a given system and
will help him find the right tools and
exploits for the job. So if you decide
to use Web applications to monitor
computer resources, make sure ac-
cess to them is password-protected.
Looking for Errors
HTTP error messages can be ex-
tremely valuable to an attacker, as
they can provide a wealth of infor-
mation about the system, database
structure and configuration. For
example, finding errors generated
by an Informix database merely re-
quires querying for "A syntax error
has occurred" filetype:ihtml. The re-
sult will provide the intruder with er-
ror messages containing information
on database configuration, a sys-
tem's file structure and sometimes
even passwords (see Figure 7). The
results can be narrowed down to
only those containing passwords by
altering the query slightly: "A syntax
error has occurred" filetype:ihtml
intext:LOGIN.
Google hacking
Equally useful information can
be obtained from MySQL database
errors simply by querying Google
for "Access denied for user" "Using
password" – Figure 8 shows a typical
website located in this manner. Ta-
ble 5 contains more sample queries
using the same method.
The only way of preventing our
systems from publicly revealing error
information is removing all bugs as
soon as we can and (if possible) con-
figuring applications to log any errors
to files instead of displaying them for
the users to see.
Remember that even if you
react quickly (and thus make the
error pages indicated by Google
out-of-date), a potential intruder
will still be able to examine the ver-
sion of the page cached by Google
by simply clicking the link to the
page copy. Fortunately, the sheer
volume of Web resources means Figure 6. Statistics generated by Sysinfo
Table 4. Querying for application-generated system reports
Query Type of information
"Generated by phpSystem" operating system type and version, hardware configura-
tion, logged users, open connections, free memory and
"This summary was generated by wwwstat" web server statistics, system file structure
"These statistics were produced by getstats" web server statistics, system file structure
"This report was generated by WebLog" web server statistics, system file structure
intext:"Tobias Oetiker" "traffic analysis" system performance statistics as MRTG charts, network
intitle:"Apache::Status" (inurl:server-status | inurl:
status.html | inurl:apache.html)
intitle:"ASP Stats Generator *.*" "ASP Stats
Generator" "2003-2004 weppos"
intitle:"Multimon UPS status page" UPS device performance statistics
intitle:"statistics of" "advanced web statistics" web server statistics, visitor information
intitle:"System Statistics" +"System and Network
Information Center"
intitle:"Usage Statistics for" "Generated by
intitle:"Web Server Statistics for ****" web server statistics, visitor information
inurl:"/axs/ax-admin.pl" -script web server statistics, visitor information
inurl:"/cricket/grapher.cgi" MRTG charts of network interface performance
inurl:server-info "Apache Server Information" web server version and configuration, operating system
"Output produced by SysWatch *" operating system type and version, logged users, free
disk space, mount points
configuration
server version, operating system type, child process list,
current connections
web server activity, lots of visitor information
system performance statistics as MRTG charts, hard-
ware configuration, running services
web server statistics, visitor information, system file
structure
type, system file structure
memory and disk space, mount points, running proc-
esses, system logs
hakin9 4/2005 www.hakin9.org 7
Figure 7. Querying for Informix database errors
that pages can only be cached for
a relatively short time.
Prowling
for Passwords
Web pages contain a great many
passwords to all manner of resourc-
es – e-mail accounts, FTP servers or
even shell accounts. This is mostly
due to the ignorance of users who
unwittingly store their passwords
in publicly accessible locations,
but also due to the carelessness of
software manufacturers who either
provide insufficient measures of
protecting user data or supply no
information about the necessity of
modifying their products' standard
configuration.
Take the example of WS_FTP,
a well-known and widely-used FTP
client which (like many utilities) of-
fers the option of storing account
passwords. WS_FTP stores its
configuration and user account
information in the WS_FTP.ini file.
Unfortunately, not everyone real-
ises that gaining access to an FTP
client's configuration is synonymous
with gaining access to a user's FTP
resources. Passwords stored in the
WS_FTP.ini file are encrypted, but
this provides little protection – once
an intruder obtains the configuration
8 www.hakin9.org hakin9 4/2005 Basics
Figure 8. MySQL database error
Table 5. Error message queries
Query Result
"A syntax error has occurred"
filetype:ihtml
"Access denied for user" "Using
"The script whose uid is " "is
not allowed to access"
"ORA-00921: unexpected end of SQL
"error found handling the
request" cocoon filetype:xml
"Invision Power Board Database
"Warning: mysql _ query()"
"invalid query"
"Error Message : Error loading
required libraries."
"#mysql dump" filetype:sql MySQL database errors, potentially containing information about database
Informix database errors, potentially containing function names, filenames, file
structure information, pieces of SQL code and passwords
authorisation errors, potentially containing user names, function names, file
structure information and pieces of SQL code
access-related PHP errors, potentially containing filenames, function names
and file structure information
Oracle database errors, potentially containing filenames, function names and
file structure information
Cocoon errors, potentially containing Cocoon version information, filenames,
function names and file structure information
Invision Power Board bulletin board errors, potentially containing function
names, filenames, file structure information and piece of SQL code
MySQL database errors, potentially containing user names, function names,
filenames and file structure information
CGI script errors, potentially containing information about operating system
and program versions, user names, filenames and file structure information
structure and contents
Google hacking
file, he can either decipher the pass-
word using suitable tools or simply
install WS_FTP and run it with the
stolen configuration. And how can
the intruder obtain thousands of
WS_FTP configuration files? Using
Google, of course. Simply querying
for "Index of/" "Parent Directory"
"WS _ FTP.ini" or filetype:ini WS _ FTP
PWD will return lots of links to the data
he requires, placed at his evil dispos-
al by the users themselves in their
blissful ignorance (see Figure 9).
Another example is a Web ap-
plication called DUclassified, used
for managing website advertising
materials. In its standard configura-
tion, the application stores all the
user names, passwords and other
data in the duclassified.mdb file,
located in the read-accessible
_private subdirectory. It is therefore
enough to find a site that uses DU-
classified, take the base URL http://
<host>/duClassified/ and change
it to http://<host>/duClassified/
_private/duclassified.mdb to ob-
tain the password file and thus
obtain unlimited access to the ap-
plication (as seen in Figure 10).
Websites which use the vulner-
able application can be located
by querying Google for "Powered
by DUclassified" -site:duware.com
(the additional operator will filter
out results from the manufacturer's
website). Interestingly enough, the
makers of DUclassified – a com-
pany called DUware – have also
created several other applications
with similar vulnerabilities.
In theory, everyone knows that
passwords should not reside on
post-its stuck to the monitor or
under the keyboard. In practice,
however, surprisingly many people
store passwords in text files and
put them in their home directories,
which (funnily enough) are acces-
sible through the Internet. What's
more, many such individuals work
as network administrators or simi-
lar, so the files can get pretty big.
It's hard to define a single method
of locating such data, but googling
for such keywords as account, us-
ers, admin, administrators, passwd,
Figure 9. WS_FTP configuration file
Figure 10. DUclassified in its standard configuration
password and so on can be pretty
effective, especially coupled with
such filetypes as .xls, .txt, .doc,
.mdb and .pdf. It's also worth noting
directories whose names contain
the words admin, backup and so
forth – a query like inurl:admin
intitle:index.of will do the trick.
hakin9 4/2005 www.hakin9.org 9
sent out while looking for work. Ad-
Table 6. Google queries for locating passwords
Query Result
"http://*:*@www" site passwords for site, stored as the string "http://username:
filetype:bak inurl:"htaccess|passwd|shadow|ht
filetype:mdb inurl:"account|users|admin|admin
istrators|passwd|password"
intitle:"Index of" pwd.db pwd.db files, potentially containing user names and encrypted
inurl:admin inurl:backup intitle:index.of directories whose names contain the words admin and backup
"Index of/" "Parent Directory" "WS _ FTP.ini"
filetype:ini WS _ FTP PWD
ext:pwd inurl:(service|authors|administrators
|users) "# -FrontPage-"
filetype:sql ("passwd values ****" |
"password values ****" | "pass values ****" )
intitle:index.of trillian.ini configuration files for the Trillian IM
eggdrop filetype:user user configuration files for the Eggdrop ircbot
filetype:conf slapd.conf configuration files for OpenLDAP
inurl:"wvdial.conf" intext:"password" configuration files for WV Dial
ext:ini eudora.ini configuration files for the Eudora mail client
filetype:mdb inurl:users.mdb Microsoft Access files, potentially containing user account infor-
mation
intext:"powered by Web Wiz Journal" websites using Web Wiz Journal, which in its standard con-
figuration allows access to the passwords file – just enter http:
"Powered by DUclassified" -site:duware.com
"Powered by DUcalendar" -site:duware.com
"Powered by DUdirectory" -site:duware.com
"Powered by DUclassmate" -site:duware.com
"Powered by DUdownload" -site:duware.com
"Powered by DUpaypal" -site:duware.com
"Powered by DUforum" -site:duware.com
intitle:dupics inurl:(add.asp | default.asp |
view.asp | voting.asp) -site:duware.com
intext:"BiTBOARD v2.0" "BiTSHiFTERS Bulletin
password@www..."
file backups, potentially containing user names and passwords
mdb files, potentially containing password information
passwords
WS_FTP configuration files, potentially containing FTP server
access passwords
files containing Microsoft FrontPage passwords
files containing SQL code and passwords inserted into a database
//<host>/journal/journal.mdb instead of the default http://<host>/
journal/
websites using the DUclassified, DUcalendar, DUdirectory, DU-
classmate, DUdownload, DUpaypal, DUforum or DUpics applica-
tions, which by default make it possible to obtain the passwords
file – for DUclassified, just enter http://<host>/duClassified/ _
private/duclassified.mdb instead of http://<host>/duClassified/
10 www.hakin9.org hakin9 4/2005 Basics
Table 6 presents some sample
queries for password-related data.
To make our passwords less
accessible to intruders, we must
carefully consider where and why
we enter them, how they are stored
and what happens to them. If we're in
charge of a website, we should ana-
lyse the configuration of the applica-
tions we use, locate poorly protected
websites using the Bitboard2 bulletin board application, which on
default settings allows the passwords file to be obtained – enter
http://<host>/forum/admin/data _ passwd.dat instead of the default
http://<host>/forum/forum.php
or particularly sensitive data and
take appropriate steps to secure it.
Personal Information
and Confidential
Documents
Both in European countries and the
U.S., legal regulations are in place
to protect our privacy. Unfortunately,
it is frequently the case that all sorts
of confidential documents contain-
ing our personal information are
placed in publicly accessible loca-
tions or transmitted over the Web
without proper protection. To get our
complete information, an intruder
need only gain access to an e-mail
repository containing the CV we
Google hacking
Figure 11. Electronic address book obtained through Google
Figure 12. Confidential document found through Google
Figure 13. An HP printer's configuration page found by Google
dress, phone number, date of birth,
education, skills, work experience
– it's all there.
Thousands of such documents
can be found on the Internet
– just query Google for intitle:
"curriculum vitae" "phone * *
*" "address *" "e-mail". Finding
contact information in the form
of names, phone number and e-
mail addresses is equally easy
(Figure 11). This is because most
Internet users create electronic ad-
dress books of some description.
While these may be of little interest
to your typical intruder, they can
be dangerous tools in the hands of
a skilled sociotechnician, especially
if the contacts are restricted to one
company. A simple query such as
filetype:xls inurl:"email.xls" can
be surprisingly effective, finding
Excel spreadsheet called email.xls.
All the above also applies to
instant messaging applications and
their contact lists – if an intruder
obtains such a list, he may be able to
pose as our IM friends. Interestingly
enough, a fair amount of personal
data can also be obtained from of-
ficial documents, such as police
reports, legal documents or even
medical history cards.
The Web also contains docu-
ments that have been marked as
confidential and therefore contain
sensitive information. These may
include project plans, technical doc-
umentation, surveys, reports, pres-
entations and a whole host of other
company-internal materials. They
are easily located as they frequently
contain the word confidential, the
phrase Not for distribution or simi-
lar clauses (see Figure 12). Table 7
presents several sample queries
that reveal documents potentially
containing personal information and
confidential data.
As with passwords, all we can
do to avoid revealing private infor-
mation is to be cautious and retain
maximum control over published
data. Companies and organisations
should (and many are obliged to)
specify and enforce rules, proce-
dures and standard practices for
hakin9 4/2005 www.hakin9.org 11
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Table 7. Searching for personal data and confidential documents
Query Result
filetype:xls inurl:"email.xls" email.xls files, potentially containing contact information
"phone * * *" "address *" "e-mail" intitle:
"curriculum vitae"
"not for distribution" confidential documents containing the confidential clause
buddylist.blt AIM contacts list
intitle:index.of mystuff.xml Trillian IM contacts list
filetype:ctt "msn" MSN contacts list
filetype:QDF QDF database files for the Quicken financial application
intitle:index.of finances.xls finances.xls files, potentially containing information on bank ac-
counts, financial summaries and credit card numbers
intitle:"Index Of" -inurl:maillog maillog size maillog files, potentially containing e-mail
"Network Vulnerability Assessment Report"
"Host Vulnerability Summary Report"
filetype:pdf "Assessment Report"
"This file was generated by Nessus"
Table 8. Queries for locating network devices
Query Device
"Copyright (c) Tektronix, Inc." "printer status" PhaserLink printers
inurl:"printer/main.html" intext:"settings" Brother HL printers
intitle:"Dell Laser Printer" ews Dell printers with EWS technology
intext:centreware inurl:status Xerox Phaser 4500/6250/8200/8400 printers
inurl:hp/device/this.LCDispatcher HP printers
intitle:liveapplet inurl:LvAppl Canon Webview webcams
intitle:"EvoCam" inurl:"webcam.html" Evocam webcams
inurl:"ViewerFrame?Mode=" Panasonic Network Camera webcams
(intext:"MOBOTIX M1" | intext:"MOBOTIX M10") intext:"Open
Menu" Shift-Reload
inurl:indexFrame.shtml Axis Axis webcams
SNC-RZ30 HOME Sony SNC-RZ30 webcams
intitle:"my webcamXP server!" inurl:":8080" webcams accessible via WebcamXP Server
allintitle:Brains, Corp. camera webcams accessible via mmEye
intitle:"active webcam page" USB webcams
handling documents within the
organisation, complete with clearly
defined responsibilities and penal-
ties for infringements.
Network Devices
Many administrator downplay
the importance of securing such
devices as network printers or
webcams. However, an insecure
printer can provide an intruder with
a foothold that can later be used as
a basis for attacking other systems
CVs
reports for network security scans, penetration tests etc.
Mobotix webcams
in the same network or even other
networks. Webcams are, of course,
much less dangerous, so hacking
them can only be seen as entertain-
ment, although it's not hard to im-
agine situations where data from a
On the Net
• http://johnny.ihackstuff.com – largest repository of data on Google hacking,
• http://insecure.org/nmap/ – Nmap network scanner,
• http://thc.org/thc-amap/ – amap network scanner.
webcam could be useful (industrial
espionage, robberies etc.). Table 8
contains sample queries revealing
printers and webcams, while Fig-
ure 12 shows a printer configuration
page found on the Web. n
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